SQL Server – Generate Calendar using TSQL

Introduction
Recently, I was asked to develop a SSRS based report for the Event Management module in MS Dynamics CRM 2011. The idea was to show a Calendar for the selected month and each cell of the calendar should display the scheduled events of that day.
Showing the events in the required format in each cell was not a big issue. The main challenge was to generate a dynamic grid of Calendar. Luckily, the CRM was deployed on-premises and I got a chance to use TSQL to generate the Calendar.
Implementation
Below is the TSQL which I came up with to generate the Calendar -

DECLARE @Month AS INT = 4 --Set the MONTH for which you want to generate the Calendar.
DECLARE @Year AS INT = 2013 --Set the YEAR for which you want to generate the Calendar.
--Find and set the Start & End Date of the said Month-Year
DECLARE @StartDate AS DATETIME = CONVERT(VARCHAR, @Year) + RIGHT('0' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @Month), 2) + '01'
DECLARE @EndDate AS DATETIME = DATEADD(DAY, - 1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, @StartDate));

WITH Dates
AS (
 SELECT @StartDate Dt
 
 UNION ALL
 
 SELECT DATEADD(DAY, 1, Dt)
 FROM Dates
 WHERE DATEADD(DAY, 1, Dt) <= @EndDate
 ),
Details
AS (
 SELECT DAY(Dt) CDay,
  DATEPART(WK, Dt) CWeek,
  MONTH(Dt) CMonth,
  YEAR(Dt) CYear,
  DATENAME(WEEKDAY, Dt) DOW,
  Dt
 FROM Dates
 )
--Selecting the Final Calendar
SELECT Sunday,
 Monday,
 Tuesday,
 Wednesday,
 Thursday,
 Friday,
 Saturday
FROM (
 SELECT CWeek,
  DOW,
  CDay
 FROM Details
 ) D
PIVOT(MIN(CDay) FOR DOW IN (
   Sunday,
   Monday,
   Tuesday,
   Wednesday,
   Thursday,
   Friday,
   Saturday
   )) AS PVT
ORDER BY CWeek

Output:





Hope, this will help!

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SQL Server – Generating PERMUTATIONS using T-Sql

Were you ever asked to generate string Permutations using TSql? I was recently asked to do so, and the logic which I could manage to come up at that point is shared in the below script.

DECLARE @Value AS VARCHAR(20) = 'ABCC' --Mention the text which is to be permuted
DECLARE @NoOfChars AS INT = LEN(@Value)
DECLARE @Permutations TABLE (Value VARCHAR(20)) --Make sure the size of this Value is equal to your input  string length (@Value)
 ;

WITH NumTally
AS (
 --Prepare the Tally Table to separate each character of the Value.
 SELECT 1 Num
 
 UNION ALL
 
 SELECT Num + 1
 FROM NumTally
 WHERE Num < @NoOfChars
 ),
Chars
AS (
 --Separate the Characters
 SELECT Num,
  SUBSTRING(@Value, Num, 1) Chr
 FROM NumTally
 )
--Persist the Separated characters.
INSERT INTO @Permutations
SELECT Chr
FROM Chars

--Prepare Permutations
DECLARE @i AS INT = 1

WHILE (@i < @NoOfChars)
BEGIN
 --Store the Permutations
 INSERT INTO @Permutations
 SELECT DISTINCT --Add DISTINCT if required else duplicate Permutations will be generated for Repeated  Chars.
  P1.Value + P2.Value
 FROM (
  SELECT Value
  FROM @Permutations
  WHERE LEN(Value) = @i
  ) P1
 CROSS JOIN (
  SELECT Value
  FROM @Permutations
  WHERE LEN(Value) = 1
  ) P2

 --Increment the Counter.      
 SET @i += 1

 --Delete the Incorrect Lengthed Permutations to keep the table size under control.
 DELETE
 FROM @Permutations
 WHERE LEN(Value) NOT IN (
   1,
   @i
   )
END

--Delete InCorrect Permutations.
SET @i = 1

WHILE (@i <= @NoOfChars)
BEGIN
 --Deleting Permutations which has not used "All the Chars of the given Value".
 DELETE
 FROM @Permutations
 WHERE Value NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(@Value, @i, 1) + '%'

 --Deleting Permutations which have repeated incorrect character.  
 DELETE
 FROM @Permutations
 WHERE LEN(Value) - LEN(REPLACE(Value, SUBSTRING(@Value, @i, 1), '')) != LEN(@Value) - LEN(REPLACE(@Value, SUBSTRING(@Value, @i, 1), ''))

 SET @i += 1
END

--Selecting the generated Permutations. 
SELECT Value
FROM @Permutations

Hope, this script helps!


Please share your suggestions if you have any to improve this logic.

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SQL Server – TSql to find Records matching certain criteria in all the tables of a DB.

Generally, we try to find out records matching a certain criteria from a single or few tables. However, there are times when we need to find out records matching a criteria from all the tables of a SQL Database and today I will explain you a simple way to retrieve those records.
Recently, I was asked by my colleague, who was working on a MS Dynamics CRM migration project, to let him know the records which were created after a particular date in the source. So that, he could analyze only those records and strategize the Migration process.
I quickly opened up the SSMS and came up with the below script -

USE < DBName > --Replace this with the actual DBName
GO

DECLARE @ColumnName AS VARCHAR(50) = 'CreatedOn' --The name of the column on which you need to put the criteria
DECLARE @Criteria AS VARCHAR(50) = 'CONVERT(DATE,' + @ColumnName + ') >= ''20130225''' -- The Actual criteria/WHERE Clause of the query

--The below will list the TSQL Statements which could be copied & executed in a separate query window.
SELECT 'IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM ' + T.NAME + ' WHERE ' + @Criteria + ') ' + 'SELECT ''' + T.NAME + ''' TableName, * FROM ' + T.NAME + ' WHERE ' + @Criteria
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.tables T
 ON T.object_id = C.object_id
WHERE C.NAME = @ColumnName

The above script will list down the SELECT statements which could be copied and executed in a separate query window connecting to the same Database. On execution, you will get the list of records from each table base on the specified criteria.


Hope, this helps!

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SQL Server Database Backup Report using T-SQL

Today, I am going to share few very useful scripts which will report us on Database Backup from different view points. To get the List/History/Log of all the Successful Backups

SELECT 

  b.machine_name,

  b.server_name,

  b.database_name as DBName,

  b.backup_start_date,

  b.backup_finish_date,

  CASE 

    WHEN b.[type] = 'D' THEN 'Database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'I' THEN 'Differential database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'L' THEN 'Log'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'F' THEN 'File or filegroup'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'G' THEN 'Differential file'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'P' THEN 'Partial'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'Q' THEN 'Differential partial'

    ELSE b.[type]

  END Backup_Type,    

  b.expiration_date,

  b.[user_name],

  DATEDIFF(MINUTE,b.backup_start_date ,b.backup_finish_date) as Total_Time_in_Minute,

  b.recovery_model,

  b.backup_size/(1024 * 1024 * 1024) as Total_Size_GB,

  bf.physical_device_name as Location

FROM 

  msdb.dbo.backupset AS b

INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily AS bf

  ON b.media_set_id=bf.media_set_id

ORDER BY 

  b.backup_start_date DESC

GO

To get a list of all successful Backups taken till date for a particular Database

DECLARE @DBName AS VARCHAR(100) = 'Your Database Name'
SELECT 

  b.machine_name,

  b.server_name,

  b.database_name as DBName,

  b.backup_start_date,

  b.backup_finish_date,

  CASE 

    WHEN b.[type] = 'D' THEN 'Database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'I' THEN 'Differential database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'L' THEN 'Log'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'F' THEN 'File or filegroup'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'G' THEN 'Differential file'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'P' THEN 'Partial'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'Q' THEN 'Differential partial'

    ELSE b.[type]

  END Backup_Type,

  b.expiration_date,

  b.[user_name],

  DATEDIFF(MINUTE,b.backup_start_date ,b.backup_finish_date) as Total_Time_in_Minute,

  b.recovery_model,

  b.backup_size/(1024 * 1024 * 1024) as Total_Size_GB,

  bf.physical_device_name as Location

FROM 

  msdb.dbo.backupset AS b

INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily AS bf

  ON b.media_set_id=bf.media_set_id

WHERE

  b.database_name = @DBName  

ORDER BY 

  b.backup_start_date DESC

GO

To get the List of all Databases which are not backed up till date

SELECT

  d.name [DB_Name]

FROM

  master.sys.databases d

LEFT JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset b

  ON b.database_name = d.name

WHERE

  d.database_id IS NULL

To get the List of all Databases which are not backed up since last X days

DECLARE @LastXDays AS INT = 1

;WITH LatestBackupSet AS (

SELECT 

  b.database_name as DBName,

  b.backup_start_date LastBackedUpOn,

  b.[user_name],

  ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY b.database_name ORDER BY b.backup_start_date DESC) Rnk

FROM 

  msdb.dbo.backupset AS b

)

SELECT 

  lbs.DBName,

  lbs.LastBackedUpOn,

  lbs.[user_name]

FROM 

  LatestBackupSet AS lbs

WHERE

  DATEDIFF(DAY,lbs.LastBackedUpOn ,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) = @LastXDays  

  AND lbs.Rnk = 1

ORDER BY 

  lbs.DBName DESC

GO

To get a list of the Latest successful backups of all Databases

;WITH LatestBackupSet AS (

SELECT 

  b.machine_name,

  b.server_name,

  b.database_name as DBName,

  b.backup_start_date,

  b.backup_finish_date,

  CASE 

    WHEN b.[type] = 'D' THEN 'Database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'I' THEN 'Differential database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'L' THEN 'Log'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'F' THEN 'File or filegroup'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'G' THEN 'Differential file'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'P' THEN 'Partial'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'Q' THEN 'Differential partial'

    ELSE b.[type]

  END Backup_Type,

  b.expiration_date,

  b.[user_name],

  DATEDIFF(MINUTE,b.backup_start_date ,b.backup_finish_date) as Total_Time_in_Minute,

  b.recovery_model,

  b.backup_size/(1024 * 1024 * 1024) as Total_Size_GB,

  bf.physical_device_name as Location,

  ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY b.database_name ORDER BY b.backup_start_date DESC) Rnk

FROM 

  msdb.dbo.backupset AS b

INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily AS bf

  ON b.media_set_id=bf.media_set_id

)

SELECT 

  machine_name,

  server_name,

  DBName,

  backup_start_date,

  backup_finish_date,

  Backup_Type,

  expiration_date,

  [user_name],

  Total_Time_in_Minute,

  recovery_model,

  Total_Size_GB,

  Location

FROM 

  LatestBackupSet AS lbs

WHERE

  lbs.Rnk = 1

ORDER BY 

  lbs.DBName DESC

GO

To get the Latest successful backup of a particular Database

DECLARE @DBName AS VARCHAR(100) = 'Your Database Name'

 

;WITH LatestBackupSet AS (

SELECT 

  b.machine_name,

  b.server_name,

  b.database_name as DBName,

  b.backup_start_date,

  b.backup_finish_date,

  CASE 

    WHEN b.[type] = 'D' THEN 'Database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'I' THEN 'Differential database'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'L' THEN 'Log'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'F' THEN 'File or filegroup'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'G' THEN 'Differential file'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'P' THEN 'Partial'

    WHEN b.[type] = 'Q' THEN 'Differential partial'

    ELSE b.[type]

  END Backup_Type,

  b.expiration_date,

  b.[user_name],

  DATEDIFF(MINUTE,b.backup_start_date ,b.backup_finish_date) as Total_Time_in_Minute,

  b.recovery_model,

  b.backup_size/(1024 * 1024 * 1024) as Total_Size_GB,

  bf.physical_device_name as Location,

  ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY b.database_name ORDER BY b.backup_start_date DESC) Rnk

FROM 

  msdb.dbo.backupset AS b

INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily AS bf

  ON b.media_set_id=bf.media_set_id

WHERE

  b.database_name = @DBName  

)

SELECT 

  machine_name,

  server_name,

  DBName,

  backup_start_date,

  backup_finish_date,

  Backup_Type,

  expiration_date,

  [user_name],

  Total_Time_in_Minute,

  recovery_model,

  Total_Size_GB,

  Location

FROM 

  LatestBackupSet AS lbs

WHERE

  lbs.Rnk = 1

ORDER BY 

  lbs.DBName DESC

GO

To get a list of Databases that were backed-up and do not currently exist

SELECT

  DISTINCT b.database_name

FROM

  msdb.dbo.backupset b

WHERE

  DB_ID(b.database_name) IS NULL

Hope, the above given script will be of help to you. Also, I would like to request you to please add any relevant script which you feel would be useful as a comment.

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SQL Server # TSQL to Convert STRING in PROPER format

Problem Statement

SQL Server has got in-built functions to convert the given string into LOWER() or UPPER() format but it does not provides any direct way to convert it to PROPER format. A string/text is said to be in a PROPER format if all the words in that string/text starts with a CAPITAL letter.

E.g. If a string is - “Hello, how are you?”,

String in Lower format = “hello, how are you?”

String in Upper format = “HELLO, HOW ARE YOU?”

and String in Proper format = “Hello, How Are You?”

 

Implementation

Ideally, SQL Server is not the right place to implement this kind of logic, as string operations are costlier in SQL from performance perspective. it should be either implemented in the Front-End language or the Reporting Tool as this more related to the formatting. However, if this is to be implemented in SQL, the more preferred way is to use SQL-CLR function. It does not mean that we can not achieve this with T-SQL.

Today, I will share a simple T-SQL function, which could be used to convert any given string in PROPER format. Below is the script -

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[PROPER]

(

  @StrToConvertToProper AS VARCHAR(MAX)

) 

RETURNS VARCHAR(MAX) 

AS

BEGIN

  --Trim the Text

  SET @StrToConvertToProper = LTRIM(RTRIM(@StrToConvertToProper))

  --Find the No. of Words in the Text

  DECLARE @WordCount AS INT

  SET @WordCount = LEN(@StrToConvertToProper) - LEN(REPLACE(@StrToConvertToProper,' ','')) + 1

  --Variable to track the space position

  DECLARE @LastSpacePosition AS INT = 0

  --Loop through all the words

  WHILE(@WordCount > 0)

    BEGIN

      --Set the Space Position

      SET @LastSpacePosition = CHARINDEX(' ',@StrToConvertToProper,@LastSpacePosition + 1)

      --Replace the Character

      SET @StrToConvertToProper = STUFF(@StrToConvertToProper,

                                        @LastSpacePosition + 1,

                                        1,

                                        UPPER(SUBSTRING(@StrToConvertToProper, @LastSpacePosition + 1, 1)))

      --Decrement the Loop counter                                      

      SET @WordCount = @WordCount - 1

    END

  RETURN @StrToConvertToProper

END  

When the above script is used as –

SELECT dbo.PROPER('hello, how are you?')

we get the following result - Hello, How Are You?

Conclusion

The given script could be used to convert any string in PROPER format using T-SQL. However, I would personally prefer converting the string at the Front-End or in the Reporting tool to display the string in this format.

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Download SQL Server 2012 Developer Training Kit

Microsoft has released SQL Server 2010 Developer Training Kit which includes :

• Labs
• Demos
• and, Presentations

This kit will greatly help you learning Developer and BI Solutions.


One will require to have Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2 to install this kit. Once you have download the kit, launch the installer and it will ask you which lab, demos and presentations you want to include and install them based on your choice.


Sounds interesting? Grab it from the link


-- Hemantgiri S. Goswami (http://www.sql-server-citation.com )

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